Sindh G.K

  Indus Valley Civilization (3000-1500 BC). Sindh was more fertile land, there was prosperity,

peace and rich in natural resources. People are civilized that’s why many rulers of the world

attracted towards Sindh and a lot of attacks were observed upon Sindh.

 Arya ruler over Sindh, Sindh was called Sapt-Sindhu means land of seven rivers. Arya came

from Central Asia and Serbia.

 Dara Azam of Iran tried to capture Sindh via his commander Skylax in 325 BC.

 Alexander, the Great annexed Sindh in 326 BC by defeating Raja Porus near Jhelum.

 After two years of Alexander rule, Mourya came to Sindh and build their empire over Sindh.

They spread Buddhism religion. Famous ruler was Ashoka.

 Rai khandan 500 A.D (Rai SaghasiRuler)

 Chach (Burhaman) was commander of Rai Saghasi. After the death of Rai Saghasi, Chach

married with his wife and became ruler of Sindh. At that time capital of Sindh was Aloor(Aror)

near Rohri.

 After death of Chach, Chander (Brother of Chach) became Ruler.

 After Chander, Raja Dahir appeared as a Ruler of Sindh.

 Buddel tried to annex Sindh but defeated by Jai Singh (Son of Raja Dahir) at Neron kot

(Hyderabad)

 712 A.D, Raja Dahir defeated on 28 October 712AD by Muhammad-bin-Qasim (Arab

commander, Ummayad Dynasty Emperor was Waleed-bin Abdul malik-bin-Marvan, ). Pirates

looted Arab’s ship near Daibal, Ship was flouting from Cyloon (Sri lanka) to Damascus. Lady

(from ship) named Naheed wrote letter to Hajjaj-bin-Yousif, the Governor of Iraq for help.

Hajjaj-bin-Yousif sent his nephew and Son-In-Law Muhammad-bin-Qasim to attack on Sindh

with the approval of Muslim Caliph Malik Waleed-bin Abdul Malik. In this way, Islam came in

Sub-Continent. Sindh was from Balochistan’s area Makran Lasbela, Indian Ocean, current Sindh

upto Multan.

 After Arab rule, Ismail’s rule over Sindh.

 Mansoora was the capital of Sindh during arab rule and Ismail’s period.

 After Ismail’s rule, Soomra became ruler of Sindh (Soomra Dynasty/Rule).

RULE/DYNASTIES IN BRIEF

Soomra Rule 1050 to 1351 AD

Sama Rule 1351 to 1521 AD

Argoon, Turkhan & Mughal Rule 1521 to 1718 AD

Kalhora Rule 1718 to 1782 AD

Talpur Rule 1782 to 1843 AD

British Rule 1843 to 1947 AD

 Soomra Rule: First ruler was Soomar Khan Soomro and last was humair Soomro, total 21 rulers.

 Capital of Sindh was initialy Umerkot than shifted to Aloor (Aror)

 In 1026 AD Mahmood Gaznvi attack. In 1032 & 1040 Muhammad Ghouri’s attacks.

 In 1226, Allauddin Khilji attack, Dodo & chanesar Soomro were killed.

 In 1227, Sultan of delhi Altutimish attack on Sindh.

 Sama Rule: Founder was Jam Unar-bin-Babeeno

 Sama Rule; initially capital of Sindh was Thatto than shifted to Nasarpur.

 Allauddin attack on Sindh and arrested Jam Tamachi led him to Delhi.

 In 1361, Muhammad Shah Tughluk attack on Sindh and Feroz Shah Tughuluk in 1362.

 Abne-batoota came in Sindh during Sama rule in 1434.

 Mirza Shah Baig Argoon of Kandhar attacked on Sindh in 1521.

 Argoon’s rule, Capital of Sindh was Thatto and official language was Persian.

 In 1541-1545, Humayun, Son of Babar, came to Sindh in Umarkot after attack of Sher Shah

Sury’s in Delhi.

 In 1542, Akbar, the Great born in Umerkot Sindh.

 In 1554, Mirza Essa Turkhan started turkhan Rule.

 In 1589, Mirza Abdul Rahim Khan-Khanan (Commander of Akbar) raided on Sindh and Mughal

rule came into being.

 Abu Fazal and Mula Faizi were Sindhi from Sehwan Sharif, scholars at Akbar’s court inDelhi.

 1649, Shah Jahan gifted Sindh to Aurangzeb.

 In 1659, Dara-Shakhu (Son ofshah Jahan) came to Sindh for safety from his brother Aurangzeb.

 In 1617, Daood Potra attacked on Sindh and made their empire. Capital of Sindh wasShikarpur.

 In 1719, Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro defeated daood Potras and started kalhora rule over

Sindh. Capital of Sindh was KhudaAbad near dadu.

 In 1739, Nadir Shah attacked on Sindh.

 In 1747, Ahmed Shah Abdali attacked on Sindh.

 Mian Gullam Shah Kalhoro made Hyderabad the capital of Sindh in 1766.

 In 1781, Madad Khan Pathan attacked on Sindh. People spreaded slogan in sindhi “Ghall Re

Ghall, Ghorra Re Ghorra”.

 Kalhora’s General Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur defeated Madad Khan Pathan.

 Talpur rule started. They spilt Sindh into Seven parts.

 Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur (Capital; Hyderabad) got four parts out of seven.

 Mir Suhrab Khan Talpur (Capital; Khairpur) got two parts.

 Mir Thari khan talpur (Capital; Mirpur Khas) got one part.

 These seven parts and rule of three mentioned above Mir’s rule combinely called chaoyari.

 In 1803, Shah Shujjaul Mulk of Kandhar attacked on Sindh during Talpur’s period.

 In 1809, Mir Gullam Ali Khan made agreement with britisher’s and give them permission to

trade in Sindh.

 In 1817, Ranjeet Singh sikh attached on Sindh.

 1843, British annexed Sindh. At that time the rulers of Sindh were; Mir Ali Murad Khan

(Khairpur mirs, not fight with British forces rather support them), Mir rustam Khan talpur at

Hyderabad and mir Sher Muhammad Khan at Mirpur Khas.

 Miani War b/w Talpurs & British forces on febuary 17, 1843.

 Dubi War (Dube wari Jang) b/w Talpurs (General Hosh Muhammad Sheedi) & British forces.

 Hosh Muhammad Sheedi started slogan in sindhi “Marsu Marsu Par Sindh na desu”

 Sir Charles Napier made victory over Talpurs and arrested Talpur Mirs to Calcutta from 1843 to

1863.

 Sir Charles Napier remain Governor of Sindh from 1843 to 1847.

 In 1847, Sindh merged to Mumbai. New commissionor to Sindh was Mr. Parngal upto 1850.

 Second commissionor of Sindh was Sir Bartal farier and third was John Jaccob.

 Har chand Rai wishindas raised voice to separate Sindh from Mumbai in ‘All India Muslim

League’ conference in Karachi December 1913.

 Quaid-e-Azam called meeting for separation of Sindh from Mumbai on 25 March 1927.

 Sindh separated from Mumbai on 1st April 1936 under ‘Indian council Act 1935’.

 After separation from Mumbai, the new governor to Sindh was Sir senslant Graham.

 In starting period of british, British called Sindh “New Egypt”.

 14 August 1947, Sindh joined Pakistan as province.